It first appears in Chapter 16, when a kid Holden admires for walking in the street rather than on the sidewalk is singing the Robert Burns song Comin' Thro' the Rye. In Chapter 22, when Phoebe asks Holden what he wants to do with his life, he replies with his image, from the song, of a catcher in the rye. Holden imagines a field of rye perched high on a cliff, full of children romping and playing. . (J. D. Salinger: 7). Taking into account the total context, including the intended audience and important details such as regionalisms. Idiom generally have three characteristics: Translation is an exacting art. Last but not the least is the accepted usage of words in a language. Here, we see how deeply his desire for independence is connected to his feeling of alienation, to the bitterness he has for the rest of the world. The theme of the painfulness of growing up is very important in the book. It was discussed the reasons which led to the negative reactions around The Catcher in the Rye and its repeated banning and removal from schools and high schools reading lists since its first publication until nowadays, and also some similar cases in American literature. It was tried to give a detailed study of the features of translation difficulties. Salinger uses symbolism in his works also to foreshadow a better life. What Holden does not yet realize, however, is that he carries his torment with him, inside himself. Stradlater didn't like it, he was annoyed because he was supposed to write about a room Why did Stradlater punch Holden? . You Have to Read in the course of. In some places, the repetitions become even language errors, revealing Holdens natural, informal style: and how my parents were occupied and all before they had me, and all that David Copperfield kind of crap. . Also read the answer onwhat does mark twain satirize in this excerpt from "the 1,000,000 bank-note"? Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! What did Holden write a composition about? But in real-world relationships, people talk back, and Phoebe reveals how different her childhood is from Holden's romanticized notion. Not with poetry, and not even with prose, where the difficulty is generally assumed to be less. Finally, the pond itself becomes a minor metaphor for the world as Holden sees it, because it is partly frozen and partly not frozen. The pond is in transition between two states, just as Holden is in transition between childhood and adulthood. This is the cause of much difficulty inthinking criticallyaboutclaims. There are certain elements in every language which make reference to something else within the text or context of situation for their interpretation. He has not published an original work since 1965 and has not been interviewed since 1980. Stradlater is a "Yearbook" kind of handsome guy. His former teacher is needling him about his failures at Pencey; at this point, he lectures Holden about the importance of playing by the rules. All three of these symbols have great significance in this book. This passage, in which Holden explains why he loves the Museum of Natural History, is located in Chapter 16. When he finally gets around to writing Stradlater's composition, he only does it because he is thinking about his dead brother and sees how he could write that "descriptive composition" about Allie. If originally published today, the novel would probably create little publicity and garner only average book sales. But it is necessary to convey some very specific details from the original socio-cultural reality in order to remind the target audience that the source text is written in another culture. Latest answer posted March 19, 2020 at 11:46:52 PM. The Catcher In The Rye Essay Throughout the book, The Catcher In the Rye, the theme that I saw reoccurring in the novel was the painfulness of growing up. No game.. I swear to God I don't (Chapter 9). I sort of closed one eye, like I was taking aim at it. Use of short sentences and AND clauses that link short sentences: That isnt too far from this crumby place. One of those little English jobs that can do around hundred miles an hour. An idiom or fixed expression may have a similar counterpart in the target language, but its context of use may be different; the two expressions may have different connotations, for instance, or they may not be pragmatically transferable. with free plagiarism report. "What did Holden decide to write about in Stradlater's composition in The Catcher in the Rye?" Modernist literature can be viewed largely in terms of its formal, stylistic and semantic movement away from Romanticism. Ellipsis involves the omission of an item. The main task of a translator is to remember and take into account all the difficulties of translation and render the authors thought as accurate as possible using different literal devices employed originally by the author., Analysis of the translation into Romanian of J. D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye, which represents my major contribution to this research paper it was focused on presenting the Romanian versions of Salingers novel in order to find the main translation difficulties translation as well as its impact on Romanian readership. First of all we should account for the techniques or the main pont of an analyse such as translation dificulties and lexical peculiarities that are used during the Modern Age for pointing out the most esential meaning of the writings that were written during the period. Join the dicussion. Through the use of lucky symbols their life is changed to what will make them happy. The pond is in transition between two states, just as Holden is in transition between childhood and adulthood. Salingers writings deal with characters fulfilling their quest for happiness. Once the translator has coped with this obstacle, the most frequent translation difficulties are of a semantic and cultural nature: "Linguistic untranslatability" (cognates, i.e. Latest answer posted April 14, 2021 at 10:45:43 AM. Salinger'sThe Catcher in the Ryehas served as a firestorm for controversy and debate. He wrote this terrific book of short stories, []. My He does not connect with the people around him, but dwells on people who are memories, like Allie and Jane Gallagher. From these two parts in different languages could be resulted that were used different types of translation difficulties in order to give the smallest basic elements that couldnt be seen without analyzing these two parts and taking into account the main element that mast be discussed translation difficulties. the absence of the categories in one of the comparing languages; Even assuming monolingual disambiguation . Purchasing Another example was Salingers use of imitation of spoken English in written. There are different elements that are helpful in the presentation of all features that are presented in an analysis and one o the main steps that are taken in the identification of these important features are lexical pecularities and translation difficulties. Then if he does it, he does it his way. But the main of them, as it has been mentioned before is the difference in the structure of the English and Romanian languages. ; the person lost their job, the person got evicted, etc.). They are eulogistic and ephemeral unless they become language metaphors by being diffused through popular speech and, later, the media. Holden has issues with sex and manhood, and both are issues when he learns that Stradlater and Jane are going on a date. The general impression is that the Romanian translation is direct, it does not use so many euphemisms, it has more gains, its language is more modern, closer to the contemporary teenage colloquial speech, and more colorful. The translator is always alert in order to catch a passage that is marked, forms a particular sensitivity allowing the translator, to stop and think about an unusual formulation even when in translators experience he/she never ran across that particular idiomatic expression. Idiomatic and fixed expressions have individual collocational patterns. I went down by a different staircase, and I saw another Fuck you on the wall. Yes, Holden agrees with Stradlater to write composition for him because he decided to make a deal with the society. Perhaps Holden interacts with it with the innocence and the purity he believes with these characters represents and wears it as a way to connect to them. I mean not wait till Wednesday or anything. Why does Ackley annoy Holden? It troubles him that he has changed each time he returns, while the museum's displays remain completely the same. Home from his date, Stradlater barges into the room. The terms 'explain' or 'explanation,' et cetera is frequently used in arguments. Polyseme in the same time is the capacity for a sign (e.g., a word, phrase, etc.) In The Catcher in the Rye, why does Holden like Mercutio (from Romeo and Juliet) so much? Holden responds with this image, which reveals his fantasy of idealistic childhood and of his role as the protector of innocence. Translation of these words depends on the context, which helps to identify their concrete meaning. The literature of this period is marked by the activities of many well-known writers. Salinger is not only a deeply national, original writer but also a modern writer. Through his work in The Catcher in the Rye, we can see Salinger's battle fatigue or post-traumatic stress disorder in his character, Holden Caulfield. The hat is outlandish, and it shows that Holden desires to be different from everyone around him. Their mysterious perseverance in the face of an inhospitable environment resonates with Holden's understanding of his own situation. What does this reveal about Holden? the catcher in the rye study guide sparknotes web the catcher in the rye is j d salinger s 1951 novel of post war alienation told by angst ridden teen holden caulfield controversial at the time of publication for its frank language it was an instant best - Contact Us - Privacy Policy - Terms and Conditions, Definition and Examples of Literary Terms. places where he either grew up or which he knew; his use of well-established symbols throughout his fiction; his unique approach of religious themes and his use of Zen philosophy; his attachment to and protection for his characters. He uses the pronoun you all the time, but as we know this could be translated as tu, c-ati, va. He feels like he has a duty to save other people from growing up and maturing. But nonetheless as the book developments, Carl starts to learn initiative and he catches a job at a barge and starts to bring money in. The hat is eccentric and displays Holdens desires to be diverse from everyone else around him, yet at the same time Holden is very self-conscious about the red hunting hat. The conversation succinctly illuminates key aspects of Holden's character. Though he was two years younger than Holden, Holden says that Allie was the most intelligent member of his family. When rendering stylistic meaning of the source text a translator should be guided by the same principle to recreate in translation the same impression that might be left by the original text. Its hopeless, anyway. or signs to have multiple meanings or a large semantic field. Holden's brash decision to attack Stradlater is a result of his pent-up anxiety and anger. That's a deer shooting hat.. Little Brown Books, New York: 1945. In both cases, we sense that although Holden envisions himself as the protector rather than the one to be protected, he is the one who really needs to be caught. Some stupid guy had thrown peanut shells all over the stairs, and I damn near broke my crazy neck. He reads Holden's composition and becomes visibly annoyed, asserting that it has nothing to do with the assignment and that it's no wonder Holden is being expelled. This essay was written by a fellow student. This is not always so obvious. The author used this kind of interjection in order to describe Holdens surprise to the question given by the old Spenser Oh, well its long story (J. D. Salinger: 29) J. D. Salinger used this interjection in order to demonstrate that Holden didnt know the story. There are different types of translation difficulties. Of course, Holden will not really shoot people in this hat, but it remains a symbol of his scorn for convention. Metaphor is inherent in language. to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. In. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. Stradlater had said the composition was supposed to be a simple description of a room, a house, or something similarly straightforward. Yes, Holden agrees with Stradlater to write composition for him because he decided to make a deal with the society. What does Stradlater ask Holden to write for him? Does Mr. Antolini really make a pass at Holden? Phraseologisms or expressions that would aspire at becoming so are formed in huge quantities, but do not always succeed. He is mad that he is not able to stop the kids from getting their innocence taken away. On the one hand, despises his room mates and headmaster of Elton Hills prep school ,but does have a favorite teacher. For intricate and unspoken reasons, seemingly stemming from Allie's death, Holden has trouble dealing with this kind of complexity. Holden's deep unresolved sadness over the loss of his brother, a person he tells us was better than him, who should not have died at such as young age, indicates that he feels a sense of guilt over being alive. what do numbers in parentheses mean on a bill; salina cruz mexico real estate; how do i email sanjay gupta. He is scared of the unknown and cannot handle things that are very complicated. He died on July 18, 1946 in Maine. A word is judged to be polysemous if it has two senses of the word whose meanings are related. Need urgent help with your paper? J. D. Salinger used in his writing a lot of interjections that easily presented the feelings that feel the characters of the novel. on 50-99 accounts. can i write about composition?? In The Catcher in the Rye, how does Holden describe his mother? The conclusion is that generally they have been successfully rendered and they have usually followed the ST. American characteristic of the languages ability to adapt nouns into adjectives and nouns into adverbs (usually by adding a letter), which is, unfortunately, not possible in Romanian and thus the translators had to find suitable translation adaptation methods since our languages grammatical patterns do not allow similar adaptations. The author used a lot of stylistic devices of these kinds in order to capture readers attention to the smallest elements used by the writer for pointing out those elements that could not be used without those peculiarities of Modernists writers. In the case of non phraseological rendering, there are two possibilities: one can opt for a lexical translation or for calques. Youve successfully purchased a group discount. Scholars He also feels that it is his duty to protect others and himself from growing up. J. D. Salinger used the simple epithet pretty lousy (J. We use cookies to give you the best experience possible. The fact that he keeps the mitt with poems inside, tells the reader that Holden has not let Start your 48-hour free trial to unlock this answer and thousands more. Identical stylistic devices are used differently in languages; they perform different functions and have different value in stylistic system of their language what actually explains their necessity when transformations in translation occur. False cognates, by contrast, are similar words in different languages that appear to have a common historical linguistic origin (whatever their current meaning) but actually do not. She was the daughter of his mother's best friend. Where is Holden as he narrates the story? Phoniness, for Holden, stands as an emblem of everything that's wrong in the world around him and provides an excuse for him to withdraw into his cynical isolation. There is another problem while translating the English text into Romanian. But Holden cannot think of anything to say about a house or a room, so he writes about a baseball glove that his brother Allie used to copy poems onto in green ink. Absence of some corresponding word or lexical-semantic variant in both languages is also one of the reasons of applying additional words in translation. elements of grammar, which Popovic sees as being a higher category than lexical equivalence. The main strategy used was the practical act of comparing the above-mentioned versions, focusing on the importance of Salingers writing style and use of language (already discussed in the first chapters), on discussing mainly the cases of misunderstandings and mistranslations, of problems of equivalence, of losses and gains, of linguistic untranslatability, of the translators visibility or invisibility in the TT, on accuracy in translation, adaptability, fidelity and faithfulness or infidelityall these cases seconded by examples in point and by my personal suggestions of other possible translations of certain (more challenging) words or passages from Salingers novel. In fact, Holdens reactions to his adventure are more significant than the adventure itself. He is angry at life for being so unfair. What is Holden's view of women and girls in The Catcher in the Rye? One language may express a given meaning by means of a single word, another may express it by means of a transparent fixed expression, a third may express it by means of an idiom, and so on. In the words of Nida and Taber (1974): Translating consists of reproducing, in the target language, the nearest equivalent to the message in the source language, in the first place in the semantic aspect and, in the second place, in the stylistic aspect. you to an academic expert within 3 minutes. This author achieved his fame through his especial style of writing that was pointed out in J. D. Salingers novel The Catcher in the Rye. A translator should not try to preserve the stylistic device given in the sentence, but reproduce its function in the target language. We see his silent contempt for adults, which are evidenced by the silent ridiculing and cursing of Spencer that Holden hides beneath his nodding, compliant veneer. Allie is a special person to Holden because of his intelligence and kindness, When Holden accepted the favor of writing Stradlater's composition, Holden has also accepted an obstacle in his time during his stay in Pencey Prep. Besides, Im not going to tell you my whole goddam autobiography or anything. database? Inter-semiotic translation means substituting signs of one semiotic system by signs of a different semiotic system. Translation difficulties and lexical pecularities are the main points of an analyses. Modernist writers were more acutely conscious of the objectivity of their surroundings. Salinger later explains that Holden will become free as these ducks. For most of the book, he sounds like a grumpy old man who is angry at the world, but his search for the ducks represents the curiosity of youth and a joyful willingness to encounter the mysteries of the world. Continue to start your free trial. 52) The red hunting hat is inseparable from the image of Holden Caufield, with good reason. This quotation is from Holden's conversation with Spencer in Chapter 2. D Salinger. While most of Holden's confusion stems from what he interprets as a homosexual come-on from Mr. Antolini, some of it stems from the conversation they have. A translation should always include the tasks and the qualities (or even the standards) a translation should perform. He is a nonconformist. Why? Did you know that we have over 70,000 essays on 3,000 topics in our The ducks vanish every winter, but they return every spring, thus symbolizing change that isn't permanent, but cyclical. The first chapter of this study shall define the notion of Translation difficulties and present the representatives of the Modern period and some critics about one of the representative of this period which is J. I shoot people in this hat.. He also tends to be emotionally distant and uncommunicative. [11:p 65]. Already a member? It is his catch-all for describing the superficiality, hypocrisy, pretension, and shallowness that he encounters in the world around him. Alex Gross, The Theories of Translation. By the late 1950s, as Salinger became more reclusive and involved in religious study, Hamilton notes that his stories became longer, less plot-driven, and increasingly filled with digression and parenthetical remarks. An idiom may be used in the source text in both its literal and idiomatic senses at the same time. Stradlater insists, however, that Holden not write it too well, for the teacher knows that Holden is a hot-shot in English. The author used a lot of comparison in his work because through this stylistic devices J. D. Salinger introduce to the reader a lot of details of his characters and about his work. Latest answer posted February 26, 2021 at 10:56:04 AM. He clearly identifies with those on the other side of the game, and he feels alone and victimized, as though the world is against him. Critics have argued the moral issues raised by the book and the context in which it is presented. CLXXXVIII, No. The symbol of isolation lies in the hat that Holden wears while he is writing. Salinger's writing style is pointed out through a very open and explicit way. Translators false friends result from transferring the sounds of a source language word literally into the target language. Latest answer posted February 26, 2021 at 10:56:04 AM. Catcher in the Rye Essay In the novel The Catcher and the Rye by J. D. Salinger Holden believes childhood, and adulthood are completely different. Along with traditional combinations in languages unexpected combinations are also possible, but they are quite clear, for they follow generally accepted semantic models of word combinability. What are some of the things Holden tells Stradlater about her? To this I can also add the already discussed idea that even native speakers can get more meanings from a ST and its translation than by simply reading the ST in original. The Ducks vanish every winter, but they return every spring. Symbols are objects, characters, figures, or colors used to represent abstract ideas or concepts. of The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Holden is obsessed with childhood because he chooses to be wedged between a world of the innocence of children and the complex world of adulthood. Unless the target-language idiom corresponds to the source-language idiom both in form and in meaning, the play on idiom cannot be successfully reproduced in the target text. Save over 50% with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan! (Chapter 12, pg. The Life Song Of all the places in the novel where Holden discusses his hat, the most famous and recognizable symbol in the book, this is probably the most enlightening. The consequent need for a unifying function brought about a growth in the political importance of culture. His monologues are actually a linked association of ideas: he begins talking about his childhood, which leads him to his parents; then, while mentioning his New York adventures, he says that his brother already knows all about it, so he starts talking about his brother, that he has a talent for writing, but now lives in Hollywood wasting his energies in movies, which enables Holden to express his opinion about movies. Sometimes only one of those meanings is intended, depending on context, and sometimes multiple meanings are intended at the same time. This is a case of leaving something unsaid which is nevertheless understood. This is not possible. Concerning the translation of comparison as a stylistic device, the difficulties arise only if the words of English and other languages are various in the semantic structure. Therefore, the point that the author is trying to make is that the presence of the hat, mirrors the major conflict of the book which is Holdens need for isolation versus his need for companionship. The difficulties while translating are connected most of all with conveyance of national character of one or another work: the brighter it reflects national life the more illuminate characteristic situations the more difficult for the translator to find adequate functional figurative means. Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work. The fact that this test again depends on speakers' judgments about relatedness, however, means that this test for polysemy is not infallible, but is rather merely a helpful conceptual aid. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved, Essential Quotes by Character: Holden Caulfield. . This is a shift from an epistemological aesthetic to an ontological aesthetic or, in simpler terms, a shift from a knowledge-based aesthetic to a being-based aesthetic. Moreover, the characters created by Salinger used to have some obstacles to fins their own happiness; but, suddenly, it appears the religion as a solution, as a way of liberation: it supposes the end of the suffering for each character. The law of compensation is a technique used in translation to make up for the losses present in the TT and it works by (re)creating other effects, similar to the ones specific to the ST but in the TT when possible and using the TL resources, a law applicable in the Romanian versions discussed. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. Romanian version imitates indeed the way teenagers speak nowadays and uses more colorful equivalents and expressions than the first version. He lets the reader know how the character feels at that time and his or her thoughts. The main difficulties involved in translating idioms and fixed expressions may be summarized as follows: Like single words, idioms and fixed expressions may be culture-specific. When Holden's roommate, Ward Stradlater, requested him to write his Englishcomposition for him, he didn't specify a subject.