A large amount of software was created for the BBC Micro, including educational, productivity, and game programs. The first practical stored-program computer to provide a regular computing service, EDSAC is built at Cambridge University using vacuum tubes and mercury delay lines for memory. The TI99/4 had a wide variety of expansion boards, with an especially popular speech synthesis system that could also be used with TI's Speak & Spell educational game. Its founders were Ken and Stan Olsen, and Harlan Anderson. In some places, lower populations of ELL students may result in distorted data analysis. Microcomputers for Twenty-First Century Educators (Paperback, 4th ed) / Author: Lockard / Author: Abrams / Author: "Many ; 9780673524560 ; Educational resources & technology, Education, Social sciences, Books The J-Phone line would quickly expand, releasing a flip-phone version just a month later. Typical applications included US national defense work, including the design and simulation of nuclear weapons, and weather forecasting. He is the creator of the first consumer flight simulator software. Named in honor of the space shuttle which broke-up on re-entry, the Columbia supercomputer is an important part of NASA's return to manned spaceflight after the 2003 disaster. The ad featured the destruction of Big Brother a veiled reference to IBM -- through the power of personal computing found in a Macintosh. Its price was especially attractive as the computer included very useful productivity software worth about $1,500 alone. Apple introduces the Macintosh with a television commercial during the 1984 Super Bowl, which plays on the theme of totalitarianism in George Orwells book 1984. IBM's brand recognition, along with a massive marketing campaign, ignites the fast growth of the personal computer market with the announcement of its own personal computer (PC). After being successfully used for decades, NTDS was phased out in favor of the newer AEGIS system in the 1980s. A joint project of Englands Manchester University, Ferranti Computers, and Plessey, Atlas comes online nine years after Manchesters computer lab begins exploring transistor technology. The 2200 used a built-in CRT, cassette tape for storage, and ran the programming language BASIC. Headquartered in Maynard, Massachusetts, Digital Equipment Corporation, took over 8,680 square foot leased space in a nineteenth century mill that once produced blankets and uniforms for soldiers who fought in the Civil War. 2. assist teachers in preparing student IEPs. The Univac 1 is the first commercial computer to attract widespread public attention. The Apple Newton Personal Digital Assistant. The knowledge and technologies developed for the Stretch project played a major role in the design, management, and manufacture of the later IBM System/360--the most successful computer family in IBM history. Find and create gamified quizzes, lessons, presentations, and flashcards for students, employees, and everyone else. One of the earliest personal computers, the Kenbak-1 is advertised for $750 in Scientific American magazine. It was thus an important milestone in computing as soon Microsoft Windows and the Apple Macintosh would soon adopt the GUI as their user interface, making it the new paradigm for personal computing. Hundreds of allied bombes were built in order to determine the daily rotor start positions of Enigma cipher machines, which in turn allowed the Allies to decrypt German messages. Working under Tom Kilburn at Englands Manchester University, Richard Grimsdale and Douglas Webb demonstrate a prototype transistorized computer, the "Manchester TC", on November 16, 1953. In 1975, Scelbi introduced the 8B version with 16 KB of memory for the business market. VTech, founded in Hong Kong, had been a manufacturer of Pong-like games and educational toys when they introduce the Laser 128 computer. Arduino soon became the main computer platform of the worldwide Maker movement. It featured a 5-inch display, 64 KB of memory, a modem, and two 5.25-inch floppy disk drives. One of Britain's leading computer companies, Acorn continued the Archimedes line, which grew to nearly twenty different models, into the 1990s. Which two kinds of software are designed primarily for use by individuals rather than by groups of students? The US Army asked Bell Laboratories to design a machine to assist in testing its M-9 gun director, a type of analog computer that aims large guns to their targets. The machine had a fifty-foot long camshaft running the length of machine that synchronized the machines thousands of component parts and used 3,500 relays. The astronauts were responsible for entering more than 10,000 commands into the AGC for each trip between Earth and the Moon. Intel and Zilog introduced new microprocessors. A commercial version of Alan Turing's Pilot ACE, called DEUCEthe Digital Electronic Universal Computing Engine -- is used mostly for science and engineering problems and a few commercial applications. During three years of production, IBM sells 19 701s to research laboratories, aircraft companies, and the federal government. It could also share files and print out documents on an advanced Xerox laser printer. The legal result was a landmark: Atanasoff was declared the originator of several basic computer ideas, but the computer as a concept was declared un-patentable and thus freely open to all. A large parallel processing computer, the ILLIAC IV does not operate until 1972. The kit was the cover story of hobbyist magazine Radio-Electronics in July 1974 six months before the MITS Altair 8800 was in rival Popular Electronics magazine. The PDP-8 sold for $18,000, one-fifth the price of a small IBM System/360 mainframe. The RISC microprocessor had a 32-bit integer arithmetic and logic unit (the part of the CPU that performs operations such as addition and subtraction), a 64-bit floating-point unit, and a clock rate of 33 MHz. IBM released a new operating system, OS/2, at the same time, allowing the use of a mouse with IBM PCs for the first time. Incorporating a version of Apple's iOS operating system, as well as sensors for environmental and health monitoring, the Apple Watch was designed to be incorporated into the Apple environment with compatibility with iPhones and Mac Books. Operator at Complex Number Calculator (CNC). OS/2 will continue to be used in special The Pentium is the fifth generation of the x86 line of microprocessors from Intel, the basis for the IBM PC and its clones. The Simon 1 used relay logic and cost about $600 to build. Be, founded by former Apple executive Jean Louis Gasse and a number of former Apple, NeXT and SUN employees, releases their only product the BeBox. From concept to finished system, SCAMP took only six months to develop. DEC is founded initially to make electronic modules for test, measurement, prototyping and control markets. The handbook is complemented by two companion documents: Microcomputers in Transit: A Software Handbook, and Microcomputers in Marketed as a fast, extremely accurate electronic slide rule with a solid-state memory similar to that of a computer, the HP-35 distinguished itself from its competitors by its ability to perform a broad variety of logarithmic and trigonometric functions, to store more intermediate solutions for later use, and to accept and display entries in a form similar to standard scientific notation. Simon featured on the November 1950 Scientific American cover, The hobbyist magazine Radio Electronics publishes Edmund Berkeley's design for the Simon 1 relay computer from 1950 to 1951. The roots of the companys name came from the acronym for Stanford University Network (SUN). It used $120 worth of electronics components, as outlined in the September 1973 issue of hobbyist magazine Radio Electronics. Which software function could help students memorize the correct names of chemical elements? Microsoft Windows, also called Windows and Windows OS, computer operating system (OS) developed by Microsoft Corporation to run personal computers (PCs). With an order for 50 assembled systems from Mountain View, California computer store The Byte Shop in hand, the pair started a new company, naming it Apple Computer, Inc. One of the earliest and most popular pieces of software for microcomputers was the VisiCalc spreadsheet program. Microcomputer Applications - Quiz 1. Until recently, good microcomputer software for multimedia presentations was not available, but was much in demand by businesses. The 486 chips remained similar in structure to their predecessors, the 386 chips. The TI 99/4 sold well and led to a series of TI follow-on machines. English language learners often score higher on assessments due to their increased focus in language acquisition. The Newton line never performed as well as hoped and was discontinued in 1998. Which software was the first available for microcomputers? Used for science and engineering as well as simple data processing, the LGP-30 was a bargain at less than $50,000 and an early example of a personal computer, that is, a computer made for a single user. The DN100 is based on the Motorola 68000 microprocessor, high-resolution display and built-in networking - the three basic features of all workstations. T/F False Storage on a mobile device is usually an SSD (Solid-state drive). Designer Thi Truong developed the computer while Philippe Kahn wrote the software. Motorola went on to create the 68000 series, which became the basis for the Apple Macintosh line of computers. Kilburn (left) and Williams in front of 'Baby'. Created by Presper Eckert and John Mauchly -- designers of the earlier ENIAC computer -- the Univac 1 used 5,200 vacuum tubes and weighed 29,000 pounds. Which of the following is not one of the kinds of interaction that Moore said characterized online courses? What are students programming when they develop a computer-generated environment in which a real-life scene is overlaid with computer-generated information? Built as an electro-mechanical means of decrypting Nazi ENIGMA-based military communications during World War II, the British Bombe is conceived of by computer pioneer Alan Turing and Harold Keen of the British Tabulating Machine Company. The TX-0 (Transistor eXperimental - 0) is the first general-purpose programmable computer built with transistors. The Mark-8 Do-It-Yourself kit is designed by graduate student John Titus and uses the Intel 8008 microprocessor. Select the power connector that is specified by the ATX Version 2.2 standard, which allows more power to the motherboard for PCI Express (PCIe) devices. service packs. The Canadian Chalk River Nuclear Lab needed a special device to monitor a reactor. MOS 6502 ad from IEEE Computer, Sept. 1975. The Nova was first to employ medium-scale integration (MSI) circuits from Fairchild Semiconductor, with subsequent models using large-scale integrated (LSI) circuits. Get started for free! What type of web-based creation is produced when a teacher has art students sketchnoting about a visiting artist's lecture? Cuthbert Hurd (standing) and Thomas Watson, Sr. at IBM 701 console. Throughout the 1960s and 70s, the ASR-33 was a popular and inexpensive choice of input and output device for minicomputers and many of the first generation of microcomputers. Franklin was able to undercut Apple's pricing even while offering some features not available on the original. Led by curator Doron Swade the team built Babbages machine in six years, using techniques that would have been available to Babbage at the time, proving that Babbages design was accurate and that it could have been built in his day. Three types of the M3 were available two types that measured either temperature or pressure and one that could take images. What is the Internet standard for how web pages are formatted and displayed? Stibitz stunned the group by performing calculations remotely on the CNC (located in New York City) using a Teletype terminal connected to New York over special telephone lines. It was also one of the first computers to use all-diode logic, a technology more reliable than vacuum tubes. The PROMs contained a disk operating system, allowing. The handwriting recognition software was much maligned for inaccuracy. It was built in Washington DC as a test-bed for evaluating components and systems as well as for setting computer standards. This is likely the first example of remote access computing. True/False True The most controversial changes to Windows in Windows 8 were the GUI. In 1984, Michael Dell creates PC's Limited while still a student of the University of Texas at Austin. Started in 1943, the ENIAC computing system was built by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering of the University of Pennsylvania. What can both teachers and students create to make a visual record their skill development over time? Featuring the first graphical user interface (GUI) for IBM -compatible PCs, the Windows OS soon dominated the PC market. Walt Disney Pictures ordered eight of the 200B model to test recording equipment and speaker systems for the 12 specially equipped theatres that showed the movie Fantasia in 1940. The 701 introduction also marked the beginning of IBMs entry into the large-scale computer market, a market it came to dominate in later decades. These tables were later confirmed by using more modern computers for the actual flights. Most historians believe that the use of Colossus machines significantly shortened the war by providing evidence of enemy intentions and beliefs. The Relay Interpolator used 440 relays, and since it was programmable by paper tape, was used for other applications following the war. IBMs 7000 series of mainframe computers are the companys first to use transistors. The most ambitious massively parallel computer at the time, the ILLIAC IV was plagued with design and production problems. Until the year 2000, it was the world's fastest supercomputer, able to achieve peak performance of 1.3 teraflops, (about 1.3 trillion calculations per second). Output was displayed on the users home TV screen through use of an adapter. The fastest machine of its day, The Cray-1's speed comes partly from its shape, a "C," which reduces the length of wires and thus the time signals need to travel across them. Which of the following is not a benefit offered by simulations? Though it used a proprietary operating system, RISC OS, the RISC PC could run PC-compatible software using the Acorn PC Card. At the time IBM released the System/360, the company had just made the transition from discrete transistors to integrated circuits, and its major source of revenue began to move from punched card equipment to electronic computer systems. Shareware is a software program that is given away by the author for others to use free of charge. Originally a joint project with IBM and Microsoft, OS/2 is know maintained by IBM, and was a competitive product to the various MS Windows programs. So in 1971, Starkweather transferred to Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), away from corporate oversight. Answers: Convert data into an electronic machine-readable form for direct entry into a computer system. Demand called for more than 12,000 of the 1401 computers, and the machines success made a strong case for using general-purpose computers rather than specialized systems. Enterprise resource planning systems cannot be used for managing daily operations. What is the general term for software whose source code is made available for free and permits users to use, change, and improve it? One major advance in programming was Wilkes' use of a library of short programs, called subroutines, stored on punched paper tapes and used for performing common repetitive calculations within a lager program. It was based on a graphical user interface using windows, icons, and a mouse, and worked together with other Altos over a local area network. False Drivers are used to communicate with peripheral devices such as monitors, printers, and keyboards. The Altair 8800, produced by Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS) and invented by Ed Roberts, was originally sold as a kit. If a social studies teacher wanted to poll students anonymously about their opinions on a local issue, what tool might she use to gather their data? What characteristic is common to most Personalized Learning Systems (PLS)? Accept data (input) 2. It interfaced with a wide number of standard laboratory instruments, allowing customers to computerize their instrument systems. Designed by engineer Gardner Hendrie for Computer Control Corporation (CCC), the DDP-116 is announced at the 1965 Spring Joint Computer Conference. The TRS-80 proved popular with schools, as well as for home use. Operational by 1964, it was not the first computerized reservation system, but it was well publicized and became very influential. Upgrade to Quizlet Plus to study with no ads, offline access and even more premium features, like image uploading and scanning to create sets. By the early 1990s, Dell became one of the leading computer retailers. Linux, NetWare, UNIX, Windows. Which software tool would be helpful for preparing a newsletter? The micro should be an extremely low power device even if this raises the cost of the project. Quiz 1. The Arduino used a Java-based integrated development environment and users could access a library of programs, called Wiring, that allowed for simplified programming. True False T/F True You can save money on your data plan by using this type of connection whenever possible for connecting to the Internet. Computer-enhanced image of IBMs Roadrunner. Spreadsheet The Watch was received with great enthusiasm, but critics took issue with the somewhat limited battery life and high price. Dubbed a Personal Data Assistant by Apple President John Scully in 1992, the Newton featured many of the features that would define handheld computers in the following decades. What is the best statement about your choice of a microcontroller for the project?