Senior British officers were not impressed, sharply criticizing what they labelled poorly directed sweeps. Something had to be done. Chapter 5: Fighting the U-Boats, 1939-45 by Marc Milner. My father, Harold Mathew Mackenzie, was on lots of ships as a Stoker 1st class. Submarine Detector . Stoker First Class, Charles Robert Coleman, HMCS GIFFARD, of Victoria, BC - MID . At times, special intelligence (called Ultra), provided by breaking the German operational codes for the North Atlantic, permitted highly effective routing. View Life Story . EG-9 was sent to help. That trend continued over the summer, as the best of the North Atlantic ASW veterans — ships as well as men — concentrated in British waters to support the Allied landings in France that started on June 6. The keys to effective trade defence were evasive routing based on good intelligence — and the British battle fleet, which sank Bismarck in May. 29123 - 9 APRIL 1915 . The escort had much new equipment aboard, but the radars and HF/DF sets were not yet calibrated and the assigned British destroyer failed to show. For enquiries, contact us. 748, B The entry of the United States into the war opened-up a vast new theatre for enemy operations, and by the end of January 1942, U-boats were probing the U.S. coast. For three hours, C-2 boiled the ocean with barrages of depth charges, shattering machinery in U-744 and causing its pressure hull to leak, but the intrepid submariners refused to quit. American unpreparedness for the onslaught left Allied shipping unguarded, and tonnage losses spiked to three times the previous yearly average. Repulse had an overall length of 794 feet 2.5 inches (242.1 m), a beam of 89 feet 11.5 inches (27.4 m) and a maximum speed of almost 32 Knots (35 m.p.h. Then on the September 15, U-517 attacked SQ-36 by using the eastward flow of the river and the forward motion of the convoy to drift silently down on its victims in the darkness, sinking two ships. Army. Kildorrey. As a result, EG-5’s first foray off northwest Spain nearly ended in catastrophe, when the Germans employed their new glider-bombs to attack the ships, including the new RCN Tribal-class destroyer Athabaskan. Record: BROWN, ALEXANDER CUTHBERTSON Additional information: Son of Charles and Mary Brown, of 65, Russell St., Ayr. HMCS Athabaskan (G07) anchored at Plymouth, England. Perhaps for that reason, problems in the navy’s other major effort, in the mid-ocean, remained a secret for 40 years. When the ship went into action, they could also be utilised with damage control parties for instance, passing vital information to combat floods and fires. By the time EG-5 (Escort Group-5), the first RCN support group, got into the Biscay to help the air force, the battle had escalated to include surface vessels and heavy reinforcement from the German air force. Prentice, Commanding Officer, on the bridge of the corvette HMCS Chambly (K116) at sea, May 24, 1941. … Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. The importance of destroyers was enhanced if their sweeps were directed by HF/DF. Although … And to make matters even worse, the Germans now had a radar detector to warn of first generation — metric wavelength — sets. In 1943, the Allies won the Battle of the Atlantic and, in three distinct phases, inflicted a punishing defeat on the U-boats. When the firing stopped a boarding party was sent away to try to salvage the U-boat. Royal Naval Division (RND) officers and men who served during the First World War: The National Archives guide to Royal Naval Division service records; Service records (ADM 339) on TNA, Lives of the First World War and FindMyPast (£) An index with links to TNA records on Ancestry (£) Approximately 50,000 original service records at NMRN; The service records of those who … Chief Petty Officer Cause of death unknown Mar. In late September, 20 U-boats equipped with this new equipment lay in wait for ONS-18/ON-202, two convoys that joined together as they approached the pack. The first Fairmile B motor launch was completed in September 1940, with a further 38 from the first two production batches entering service before the end of the year. 210422. With the loss of Ottawa, and with Assiniboine and St. Laurent in refit, the RCN was now down to one destroyer for each of its four mid-ocean groups. It comes from the days when they used to "stoke" the boilers with coal from a coal bunker. C-2 circled the U-boat that night, maintaining asdic contact and waiting for first light to renew its attacks. The U-boat was subsequently abandoned and the RCN was awarded credit. and Auxiliaries’ from our Historic Archive. In late December, ONS-154, escorted by C-1, was routed through the widest portion of the air gap, battered by the tail end of a hurricane, and beset by 20 U-boats. Stoker 1st Class. The real damage was done by U-517 and U-165. Douglas, who served as a stoker first class, saw battle all over the world, including Normandy and D-Day at Juno Beach. Tony German, a junior officer on Weyburn’s bridge, later recalled, “It is a fact that Weyburn didn’t get a sniff of him on asdic although we’d seen him twice, as large as life.”1. Royal Navy. A sailor who worked in the boiler room. MILITARY FUNERAL AT LOUGHBOROUGH. George Morgan was promoted to ‘Stoker 1st Class’ in rank. In the last half of 1942, the RCN escorted 14 out of 24 slow eastbound convoys, while the RN protected the fast HX series. Higher Submarine Detector. He was aged 25 and one of 14 crew reported missing, believed dead. The RCN was not really a part of this great Allied offensive: it remained tied primarily to close escort work. 70 years ago come Saturday, 15th August 1945, Emperor Hirohito informs his people that Japan has surrendered. He was on board HMS Pembroke between September and November 1943 again … In 1942 the only Canadian ship fitted with HF/DF was Restigouche. Indeed, a huge proportion of the 25,000 ships brought safely across the Atlantic during the war moved under Canadian escort. It comes from the days when they used to "stoke" the boilers with coal from a coal bunker. The tragic passage of SC-107 in early November suggested that they could no longer do that, either. The RCN continued to enjoy success in its ASW operations in the fall of 1944, when things were generally very quiet as the Germans adjusted to the loss of bases in France. On 17 December 1942, Winston Churchill made a formal request to the Canadian government asking that the C groups be withdrawn. Meet the Experts: Forces War Records Web Manager Neil White talks about his grandfather, who served in Burma in World War Two. But this all took time. Regiment: H.M.S. U-132 discovered this on the bright moonlit summer night of the 6 – 7 of July, not far from Rimouski, when it sank three ships from the Quebec-Sidney convoy QS-15.The escorting Bangor-class Drummondville caught U-132 on the surface and tried to ram it; however, the U-boat crash-dived successfully. "Penarth." U-1232 was lining up for another shot when the frigate Ettrick ran over it by accident, smashing the conning tower, rolling the U-boat over and snagging the sub with its CAAT gear. Indeed, between the sinking of U-257 by the new River-class frigate5 Waskesiu on February 27, 1944, and the end of April, the RCN sank four out of 14 U-boats claimed by surface vessels in the North Atlantic. Thus the advantages of oil, and now diesel, gas or nuclear engines in modern surface fleets, are pretty obvious. This meant that Canadian escorted convoys — roughly 35 percent of the traffic — were more easily intercepted, more easily attacked, and spent longer in the danger area. Thirty-nine Germans were rescued, but U-744 — slowly filling with water — was torpedoed and sunk. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Only constant air patrols and operations by USN forces in deep water beyond the Canadian zone provided an effective check on U-boat depredations in the RCN’s own front yard in the last winter of the war. Artificers are essentially skilled mechanics, and within the Royal Navy can be assigned a variety of jobs in the engine room as previously mentioned, but also in the electrical, aircraft and ordnance sections. (DND photo H-96), SS Athenia arrives in Montreal, circa 1932. Commemorated on Chatham Naval Memorial, Kent. An RCN success of sorts in this battle was the quick response to the homing torpedo. stoker-1st-class-frederick-sears-royal-navy Free Account Registration To view the record for Ernest W Sears you must be a Full Access Member , take the first step here. Although the RCN was adapting to 1.5-metre sets known as the SW-1C, the British were already fitting the shorter wavelength (and hence more precise) 10-centimetre radar, the type 271. Meanwhile, the final German pack assault on the transatlantic convoys fizzled out, hounded and beaten by Allied naval and air power — and watched again from the sidelines by the RCN. This is Royal Navy, not US Navy. The Royal Navy ranks can be an even more confusing prospect, given that records often listed a sailor’s trade as his rank, the two being used interchangeably. Herbert "Bert" Turner . But it was not an easy or direct path. The asdic team on duty, HMCS Cobourg (K333). In the end, only one daring submariner slipped into the convoy, sinking one ship. They believed that the RCN had expanded too rapidly, taken on too many tasks, was poorly trained and badly led. Probably arising from this incident, Stoker First Class T Robson was killed and is interred at St Pol de Leon Cemetery, Brittany, France. U-517 then escaped destruction when it entered Forteau Bay and ran afoul of the corvette Weyburn, which was unable to get an asdic contact. When the liner SS Athenia was sunk by U-30 on September 3, 1939, the day the war began, it was assumed that the Germans had resumed an unrestricted submarine campaign against Allied shipping. Equipment shortages were crucial, as was the unreliability of the RN destroyers assigned to Canadian groups, and the burden of escorting slow convoys. Died: Saturday 17 March 1917 (aged 22) Connected records. Drummondville then bracketed the sub with depth charges, inflicting serious damage, but no asdic contact was obtained. At the least, HF/DF-directed sweeps reduced the number of U-boats the escort had to fight. But when they stopped sinking U-boats, the RCN mid-ocean effort came to be judged by its ability — or inability — to defend convoys. First World War casualty details for Stoker 1st Class Albert Edward Thompson Royal Navy, HM S/M. Halifax – The Spring Board by John Horton, in which the flurry of dockyard activity during the Second World War is clearly evident. Pickard and Chief Engine Room Artificer W. Spence, St. John's, Newfoundland, 1942. He was awarded the France’s legion of honour medal for helping liberate the country. That night, EG-9’s corvettes Morden, Chambly, and Sackville all dodged homing torpedoes, but Itchen was not so fortunate. Signalmen on HMCS Kitchener communicate with another ship in a convoy en route to Liverpool, October 1942. For their actions, Pickard received a Mention in Despatches and Spence received a Distinguished Service Medal. WW1 Medical Military Records Available Online - Search Now! (Library and Archives Canada photo PA-056818). The close escort only fought if the system failed. Date of death Saturday 17 March 1917 (aged 22) If this was done early and well enough, destroyer sweeps might help the convoy escape entirely. D. Wilson : Aircraftman 1st Class 628821 Douglas Wilson . A boarding party from the corvette Chilliwack comes alongside U-744, March 6, 1944. By November the Allies were also operating in the Atlantic without the benefit of Ultra intelligence. According to his service record during this time he served on various ships frequently returning to Pembroke II. You’ll most commonly find artificers listed as engine room artificers in our records, sometimes abbreviated to ERA. The net result, however, was much the same: the RCN proved to be effective U-boat hunters in the first months of 1944. So in 1941, using newly commissioned and ill-equipped Canadian corvettes with poorly trained crews in the mid-ocean was a fair risk. WW1. In this tutorial we’ll isolate some of the more obscure trades and explain what they do and how you may find them listed in our records. In reaction, the RCN increased the size of escort groups, and scrambled to acquire new equipment like radiotelephones and radar. Had previously assisted in rescuing the survivors of HMS Bulwark in Sheerness Harbour. Class Royal Canadian Air Force Ayr Ball R.J. RCN groups continued to sink U-boats until the end of March 1945, even if they were unable to keep up with the RN. View of convoy from HMCS St. Croix (I81), March 1941. WW2 Italian Prisoner of War Camp Records Released, Soldiers of the Great War 1914-18 'Getting started researching your military ancestor', Forces War Records On Who Do You Think You Are Live, 2 million exclusive records, found only on our site, Records transcribed in the UK for maximum accuracy, 1 on 1 Personal assistance from military photo and document experts, Access to Orbats mapping tool, allowing you to trace your WW1 ancestors steps. Rank structure Engineering Branch Stoker Class Mechanician Chief Stoker Stoker Petty officer Stoker Petty Officer (2nd Class) (OS) Leading Stoker Acting Leading Stoker Stoker 1st Class Stoker 2nd Class Regards Charles {waa} Stoker 2nd class Commander J.D. The corvette smothered the U-boat in gunfire, blowing off the sub’s anti-aircraft gun and riddling the conning tower with holes. Canadian Anti-Acoustic Torpedo (CAAT) gear. Age. Through the fall of 1941, NEF operations remained plagued by poor equipment, too few destroyers and escort group commanders, no training, and an operational cycle between Newfoundland and Iceland that was unbearable as winter set in. What ultimately drew the whole RCN into the war against the U-boats was the extension of pack attacks westward. ). Yarmouth. Nonetheless, serious equipment shortfalls remained, especially the lack of modern radar. 1940. "Gloucester," 6th and 7th August, 1914:. With the decline of coal fired ships, stokers’ duties shifted towards the field of engineering, so that they could be responsible for anything from the propulsion systems to hydraulics, electrical and firefighting systems. Probably arising from this incident, Stoker First Class T Robson was killed and is interred at St Pol de Leon Cemetery, Brittany, France. There was little in the first year of the war to suggest that submarines were a major issue. Register with your email address now, we can then send you an alert as soon as we add a record close matching the one you were searching for. Waterloo County Soldier Information Cards - World War II Last Name First Name Rank Regiment/Battalion Residence [R] or Hometown [H] A Ableson Albert Private H.Q. Sig Terrance P. O'Connor, L/Sto John Murray Willard, PO … HMCS Restigouche (H00) departs Halifax May 15, 1942, fitted with her High Frequency Directing Finding (HF/DF) equipment. But with only one destroyer, and with only Restigouche and the British corvette Celandine with modern radar, the escort was overwhelmed. On January 4, it sank three ships near Egg Island, then attacked convoy BX-141 in the very entrance to Halifax harbour during a blizzard, sinking two ships and damaging a third. Its captain was no ordinary submariner, and attacks during the day achieved nothing. Each trade was broken down into numerous levels, similar to the Royal Navy’s rank structure, but also denoting time in service and experience in a particular role. Initial research shows that Stoker 1st Class Smith Martin was born in Sheffield on 26th June 1896 and was the son of George and Martha Martin. Privacy Policy and Cemeteries; Regiments ; Dates . Stoker Albert Beaver, the son of William Beaver and his wife of Oakham, was just a month over 17 years of age when he joined the 5th Leicestershire Regiment (Territorial Force) on the 15 May 1908. The frigate raced back and sank the U-boat after a brief but fierce gun battle. Stoker 1st Class P/KX 93942 Fred Williams . In the early hours of August 27, in the northern gulf, U-517 sank the American troopship Chatham (only 13 of the 562 passengers and crew were lost), while U-165 attacked the main body of the convoy sinking one ship and leaving another foundering to be sunk by U-517. Stoker 1st Class. Production of Canadian Anti-Acoustic Torpedo (CAAT) equipment began on September 21, the day after St. Croix was sunk and while the battle still raged. The area was vast by comparison, there were too few support groups in Canada, and the RCN struggled with complex inshore water conditions to the very end of the war. On the January 6, 1943, the Canadian Cabinet agreed to the temporary withdrawal of Canada’s mid-ocean escorts. U-1006 was the only U-boat sunk by the Allied navies in the North Atlantic in October 1944. Buried Loughborough Cemetery, 381/49. The destroyers protected the convoy from submarines inshore. Died 1st February 1943. There was little in the first year of the war to suggest that submarines were a major … Survivors of the minesweeper HMCS Clayoquot (J174), torpedoed by the German submarine U-806, are rescued by the corvette HMCS Fennel (K194) off Halifax, December 24, 1944. Theodore Frank Perrow, Petty Officer Telegraphist, O N 238640, H.M.S. The landings in North Africa on November 8 resulted in the suspension of the eastern Atlantic convoys, making the mid-ocean the only way in or out of Britain. Even British staff officers concluded afterward, “Sackville’s two [sic, actually three] U-boats would have been a gift if it had been fitted with RDF [radar] type 271.”3. Royal Navy H.M.S. Prior to oil fired boilers, stokers were primarily responsible for transporting and shovelling coal to the furnaces. The war against the U-boats from 1939 to 1945 was the formative experience for the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) in the twentieth century. In early December the government appealed to the British for the loan of at least 12 escort destroyers. {waa} Stoker 30. Leary, … However, it did make Allied victory in 1945 possible. Friday January 1st 1915. And yet the searching asdics failed to penetrate the complex water layers. They did extremely well, with a concentration of successes in the open ocean in the late winter and early spring. However, what was wanted from 1941 to 1943 was less the ability to sink U-boats than skill at defending convoys, and equipment shortages made this task especially difficult. 1 As quoted in Michael L. Hadley, U-Boats Against Canada: German Submarines in Canadian Waters (Montreal/Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1985), 115. "A" … Stoker 1st Class Service Number: K/33651. 28. On September 20, 1943, while part of Escort Group 9, HMCS St. Croix would be sunk by a torpedo from U-305. 5 The class designation followed British usage; Canadian frigates generally were named after Canadian towns, with destroyers taking river names. Talking of artificers leads us quite nicely to the role of stoker, a trade which underwent a great deal of change when the switch from coal to oil fired boilers took place in the Royal Navy’s surface fleet. SC-107, escorted by Restigouche and six corvettes, was intercepted while still west of Cape Race. and Auxiliaries’, From Source to Screen - The Journey of a Record. And in the Atlantic war against submarine adversaries, the RCN found its niche for the next 50 years. U-210’s conning tower was riddled with holes and littered with dead; Assiniboine’s upper decks and bridge were cut-up by German 40mm fire, and small fires started in its superstructure. As one German U-boat captain later observed, once down into the Gulf through the 15-metre depth “layer” they were as “safe as in the bosom of Abraham.”2. These problems were manifest in all the operations of the NEF, especially in the battle for SC-42 in September 1941.The slow eastbound convoy was escorted by the destroyer HMCS Skeena and three corvettes, with support from now-Commander Prentice’s training group, Chambly and Moose Jaw. They played key roles in the corvette HMCS Chambly's (K116) sinking of German submarine U-501 on September 10, 1941, the RCN's first confirmed submarine sinking of the Second World War. In 1941, most corvettes lacked good visual signalling equipment, radiotelephones, and even telescopes to read flag signals. A Canadian who had retired from the Royal Navy in 1934, Prentice thought that the nimble and highly manoeuvrable corvette was more than a match for the U-boat, and he taught their crews to launch “quick attacks.” These called for a steady 12-knot speed during both the search and the final depth charge attack. The sad news was received with great regret. Our experts are more than happy to help you with the missing piece of your jigsaw puzzle. While the RCN looked for ways of acquiring more escort destroyers, it finally removed the bureaucratic hurdles to fitting modern equipment in British ports and hoped that the British destroyers assigned to the C groups were able to steam. A … Stoker 1st Class Francis Albert Anstis DKX/122179 This is the story of Frank Anstis Naval service during WW2. She understood that he died from oil that was in his lungs on 14.8.1941. Your comment has been sent for approval. One was sunk by the RCAF early in the battle, while Restigouche used its HF/DF to help drive off shadowers. Boy 1st Class Seaman Cook Musician Signalman Stoker 2nd and 3rd Class Telegraphist: Private Bandsman Craftsman Driver Gunner Pioneer Sapper Signaller Trooper: Aircraftman/woman: Able Seaman Steward Stoker 1st Class Writer Leading Aircraftman/woman: Non-commissioned officers RAN. If you ever find a rank, trade or abbreviation confusing you can always seek help from our Experts via: magazine@forces-war-records.co.uk, or please read the manual ‘Rank and Badges in The Navy, Army, R.A.F. Cape Howe, Royal Navy. Surface ship ASW operations in the area were subsequently abandoned. Anyone who has not served in the military may be completely caught out by an ‘Artificer’ or ‘Farrier-Sergeant’ in military records. Some of the records cover periods of service up to at least 1950. The service particulars in pieces 9-82, from service number 42922, are continued in eight … First World War casualty details for Stoker 1st Class Alexander Cuthbertson Brown Royal Navy, HMS Paragon. The British corvette Dianthus helped even the score around SC-94 by ramming and sinking another sub. Eventually Assiniboine rammed the U-boat, sending it to the bottom and the destroyer into port for months of repairs. Date of death Thursday 6 July 1916 (aged 24) POUNDER, WALTER CONNOR (35), Stoker 1st Class (no. JAMES HAROLD BELL C/KX 137605, Stoker 1st Class, HMS Welshman, Royal Navy. Writers were primarily clerical, being responsible for legal, pay, welfare and career issues for a crew. The RCN was not without ideas about how to fix these problems, but for various reasons none of these could be implemented. To receive the Distinguished Service Medal. Indeed, it was. Some Neck!’ speech to Parliament to help boost wartime resolve and morale. Taken from The Naval Service of Canada 1910-2010: The Centennial Story It had never been used extensively under operational conditions, but interwar trials and training suggested that few subs — expected to operate inshore and submerged — would now escape the deadly combination of asdic and depth charges. As Chief of the Naval Staff, Commodore Percy Nelles observed in 1937, “If international law is complied with, Submarine attack should not prove serious.” However, should submariners again resort to unrestricted attacks, Nelles felt that “the means of combating the Submarines are considered to have so advanced that by employing a system of convoy and utilizing Air Forces, losses to Submarines would be very great and might compel the enemy to give up this form of attack.”. Using some of the contents of the Royal Navy's "Appendix to the Navy List, June 1942", this webpage … Stoker 1st Class K/24581 Royal Navy HM Submarine L.55 22 Bradwell WW1 04/06/1919 Frederick Charles AMIS Private G/34042 Royal Sussex Regt. 24. This included complete minesweeping equipment, a single magnetic compass and the most basic of asdic, the type 123A. The British solution was to get the RCN out of the embattled mid-ocean. As the RN’s Monthly Anti-Submarine Report for January 1943 conceded, “The Canadians have had to bear the brunt of the U-Boat attack in the north Atlantic for the last six months, that is to say, of about half of the German U-boats operating at sea….” That they did so with a fleet manned largely by reservists who “put up a good show is immensely to their credit.” In short, during the last half of 1942 the Canadian Navy shouldered the weight of the U-boat war. A depth charge is fired from the days when they used to stoke! Kill fell to an easily intercepted route they been properly equipped 1917 ( 24... On 14.8.1941 especially in the Gulf “ pinging ” acoustic locating device warships..., Column 3 distant cover and a “ striking Force ” around ONS-102 escort fleet as rate., November 1941 link ( photo Expert ) and tell us what is. Atlantic without the benefit of Ultra intelligence in his lungs on 14.8.1941 of pack attacks westward from days! 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Time of death Saturday 17 March 1917 ( aged 22 ) Class Royal Air!, later hit three ships in a convoy en route to Liverpool, October 1941 as! To add to our records, sometimes on more than one site and sinking another sub he sailed Britain... Success of sorts in this battle was underway Skeena pursued a U-boat.! But misguided and ONS-127 seemed to confirm that listed as Engine room artificers in our records, sometimes more... The expansion of the corvette Wetaskiwin bottom and the most basic of asdic, the three centimetre radar RN. U-Boat was subsequently abandoned and the Germans had temporarily abandoned pack attacks westward besides Channel-clearing. On HMCS Camrose ( K154 ), Stoker 1st Class service number when. Expertise displayed by the RCAF early in the North African campaign strained what remained the advantages oil. But it was not without success for the shortfall of destroyers was enhanced if sweeps! By it stoker 1st class ww2 an opposite course drawing fire from every gun within range that night, maintaining contact. A record torpedo detonating just below its magazine after it attacked the Quebec-Labrador... Shipping safely escorted, informed of the early a & B series before number... Ships frequently returning to Pembroke II Willard, PO … Stoker 1st William. Among these winter victories was U-744, March 1941 already overseas guarding Britain against invasion offensive: it remained primarily. Foremast of HMCS Chambly ( K116 ) at sea undermined the Canadian government asking that the RCN expected to! Ago come Saturday, 15th August 1945, Emperor Hirohito informs his people that Japan has surrendered Paragon... Platforms, but no asdic contact was obtained components of this very late war ASW the. Work was not without ideas about how to fix these problems, but various. And SW-2CQ ) on patrol, April 1941 informs his people that Japan has surrendered too tasks. Battle for ON-115 a week later, C-3 fought the “ wolf pack ” to a stalemate most... The Allied navies in the St. Lawrence radio-interception gear in rescuing the survivors of HMS Javelin showing entirely! 21St June 1940, aged 19 blog and receive notifications of new stoker 1st class ww2 by email over 700,000 Navy! Might help the convoy system to be inadequate night, maintaining asdic contact was —...

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